Global Warming Not a Big Deal - 529 Words

For the past decade or so, global warming has been a topic of debate for people to determine whether it exists or not. I personally believe global warming is a natural occurrence, and the world is going through it’s course as a planet. However, many scientists, researchers, and environmentalists are showing concerns in the fact it does exist. But, there are still few people who disagree global warming is not occurring. I will discuss why I think global warming does not exist, human involvement, and costs and benefits of the topic. Global warming is not as big as a threat as claimed. There is a substantial amount of evidence proving that temperatures have fluctuated for thousands of years. Surface temperature recordings show a warming period from about 1910 to 1940, followed by a cooling period until 1975, and now we are experiencing a slight warming trend, again. In the seventies, scientists even claimed global cooling was occurring! Although there has been an increase in 1 de gree celsius, that is enough to make a difference but not enough to call it global warming. In the past 2 years, arctic ice has also increased by 50%. According to townhall.com, some people have predicted all of the arctic ice would have melted by now. There is an obvious question to all of this, how can we be experiencing global warming where there is in fact, no global warming? Alternative ideas of evidence is that carbon dioxide (which people aim global warming almost entirely at) has almost noShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Risk Perception Paper1324 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will summarize two articles that deal with the subject. This paper will also compare and contrast the risk factors in both articles while identifying the stressors that are related to the environmental risks. To sum up the two articles, one of the most interesting takes on this subject was that of global warming. There are many things that have been accredited to global warming. Many may wonder what exactly is global warming. Global warming is simply when too much carbon dioxide isRead MoreGlobal Warming Debate Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages In the controversy over whether Global Warming there is two sides in which people can choose either human caused or just Mother Nature doing her thing. Most scientists will tell you that Global Warming is mostly the cause of humans. While there are some who will disagree and say that it is just nature doing what it has done for thousands of years. For most scientists the topic of global warming is one that is caused by us humans. They have many facts data to back this up. Some examples of theseRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreThe Past Semester A Core Class I Took Was Politics Of Climate Change913 Words   |  4 Pagesher interest in STEM. She spoke about her first time hearing about climate change was in high school during biology class. Now she teaches the class. During her time as a bio major she heard about climate change. From studies she reviewed about global warming and climate change in college, she began to believe in it. This difference of how they both got to the same viewpoint through different ways interested me. We talk ed in class about how some media misconstrues climate change. I connected this toRead MoreEssay on Global Warming1389 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming First discovered at the turn of the century by the Swedish scientist Arrhenius, global warming was initially thought to only cause increased greenhouse gases from coal combustion emissions. It wasn’t until fifty years later that the real causes and effects of global warming would be discovered. A British scientist by the name of Calendar correlated the 10% increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide between 1850 and 1940 with the observed warming of northern Europe and North AmericaRead MorePollution And Warming Of The Ocean1649 Words   |  7 PagesPollution and Warming of the Ocean The ocean is a vast and mysterious part of our ocean. The ocean covers 71 % of our planet and contains over 50% of all life on earth .(â€Å"Oceanic Institute†). The oceans also holds the deepest part of our planet that we have yet to explore and discover. The ocean is such a vital part of our planet and we are destroying it with pollution and mistakes that we have made. Global warming is a huge issue that we have to deal with. The world is getting warmer. WhetherRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem For The Planet Earth975 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world worried about its effects. The rise of sea level, the melting of the glaciers on Antarctica due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is threatening the life of people living in many different big cities around the world. Climate change is the cause of many natural disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, snowstorms and typhoons. In the fall of 2012 a very powerful hurricane Sandy swept the East coast of the United States, mainly the New YorkRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1206 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon within our planet that needs to be reduced because it is affecting us in many harmful ways. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has been impacting us negatively i n ways such as biodiversity and climate conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The United States1378 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is a topic that everyone is familiar with, but not everyone really understands how they can help to prevent it. Global warming is defined as the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth’s climate system. Scientists have been studying global warming for over a century now, and most believe that greenhouse gasses are the cause and humans are the number one greenhouse gas contributor to our atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses however are produced by big industries, regulatingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1444 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the Earth’s average su rface temperature due to greenhouse gases that collect in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up. (â€Å"11 Facts About Global Warming†) Gases such as natural and manmade are trapped in the atmosphere causes the Earth’s surface become warmer. The world is affected by the dangers of global warming, and the major contributor to global warming among the greenhouse gases is CO2 emission. (Chiroma)

Dante Alighieri - 868 Words

Outline Thesis Statement: Through The Divine Comedy, Dante powerfully speaks out about his triumph over his personal disaster, thus making the epic poem a true â€Å"divine comedy.† I. Childhood A. Birth 1. Florence, Italy 2. May/June of 1265 3. Born into a low-aristocracy family of the Guelfo party B. Family 1. Mother- Bella, died before he was 14 2. Father died prior to 1283 3. Had a step brother and step sister although he did not mention them in any of his works C. Beatrice Portinari- his muse from the age of nine until after her death in 1290 D. his life was shaped by the long history of conflict between the Ghibellines and Guelfs.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It has been called ‘a personal epic’; it is assuredly a confessional autobiography.†- source 3 11. In the Purgatorio, Dante’s painful process of spiritual rehabilitation begins; in fact this part of the poem may be considered the poems true moral starting point B. La Vita nuova 1. Means new life 2. First of two collections of verse he made 3. contains 42 brief chapters, 25 sonnets, 1 ballata, and 4 canzoni 4. the poem tells of Dante’s first sight of Beatri ce (his love) when they are both 9 years old and then when they’re 18. C. Other works 1. Philosophical poetry i. Dante was looking for consolidation after Beatrice’s death, but what was intended as a temporary reprieve from sorrow became a life long advocation. ii. he was involved in the political controversies of his age which led to many famous works such as De Monarchia 2. De Monarchia- medieval political philosophy 3. dante wrote important theoretical works ranging from discussions of rhetoric to moral philosophy and political thought. D. Father of Italian- Dante decided to write some poems in Italian instead of Latin which influenced literary development. IV. Compared Authors A. Homer and the Odyssey and Virgil and the AeneidShow MoreRelatedThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, to descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante Alighieri1367 Words   |  6 PagesDante Alighieri must have been an extremely strict and lecture-loving parent. In the first part of his collection, The Inferno, Alighieri filled his story with subliminal messages within the text to teach a greater lesson to the reader. Dante Alighieri purposefully chooses specific moments to express humankind’s weakness and how human reason can positively influence people to react in the correct manner in the eyes of God. Through the interaction of two of his main characters, Dante, who representsRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante Alighieri1 617 Words   |  7 PagesInferno by Dante Alighieri is beautifully woven to reflect the realities or unrealities of the time. The various circles of hell are used by the Florentine writer Dante, to tell the tale in a structured and elaborate manner, with the use of nine circles of the Inferno (Havely, 374). Interesting, however, is the manner in which Dante describes the characters, as they are seen to be facing tragedies in their life in hell. The author of this medieval text categorizes the different types of sins thatRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri873 Words   |  4 PagesDivine Comedy† is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri. He wrote the epic sometime between 1308 and 1321, the year he died. It is considered one of the greatest works of world literature. He wrote â€Å"The Divine Comedy† while he was exiled from Florence, Italy (Bishops 182). â€Å"The Divine Comedy† recounts Dante’s idea of the afterlife. It is written in a first p erson perspective and follows Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. At the time Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, Italy was goingRead More Dante Alighieri Essay834 Words   |  4 Pages Dante Alighieri was one of the most renowned writers in world literature. His great masterpieces have influenced the world immensely. He was not only a great writer and poet but he also was a man that overcame great odds to write awe inspiring works of art. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, Italy either in late May or early June, 1265. His childhood was somewhat troubling because of the early death of his mother and then his father when he was 18. He managedRead MoreDante Alighieri And William Shakespeare1245 Words   |  5 Pages and the readers go without even noticing the hints. Almost every author does this to some extent, but two most well-known authors that do this quite frequently in their works are Dante Alighieri and William Shakespeare. More commonly these authors both referred wrote Biblical references in many of their pieces. Dante referred back to the Bible when writing his Inferno. He not only takes the reader on a journey into the different levels of Hell but he also uses Biblical references to help the readerRead MoreThe Classic Inferno By Dante Alighieri1228 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The classic Inferno by Dante Alighieri is beautifully woven to reflect the real ities or unrealities of the time. The various circles of hell are used by the writer to tell the tale in a free-flowing manner (Havely, 98). Interesting, however, is the manner in which he describes the characters such that they are seen to be facing tragedies in their life in hell. The writer categorizes the different types of sins that people can commit and subjects the characters to various punishments, eachRead MoreAnalysis Of Inferno By Dante Alighieri1583 Words   |  7 PagesInferno, written by Dante Alighieri illustrates the idea of justice through the belief that with each action arise a consequence. What you sin above ground, you deal with under. Through this he gives examples of the sins done and the punishment that is inflicted from doing such thing as a disgrace to God. All through Dantes imagination and his views as to how it should be done, there is a punishment for each area of sin committed which is why a person who bribes will be in the further in the levelRead MoreThe Divine Comedy Dante By Dante Alighieri1101 Words   |  5 Pagestry our best or we give up and follow other paths. Dante Alighieri, born in Florence, Italy in 1265, was born into a very power hungry age. Morality was not very high on someone’s to-do list. In the Divine Comedy Dante makes a point of writing about those that have done him wrong and placing them where the â€Å"belong†. But Dante does not only expose the bad people in his life but the bad people all over the world and he also includes himself. Dante writes his book to scare others into changing to beRead MoreEssay on Dante Alighieri: Hell1666 Words   |  7 Pages Dante Alighieri: A Poetic Descent into Metaphorical Hell nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Abandon all hope, ye who enter herequot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Only through a journey into hell can we hope to attain paradise... nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;His Early Life: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dante Alighieri was born under the sign of Gemini, he was thought to be born on May 29, but this is not certain. He was born in Florence, the son of Alighiero II, his family was one of

Domestic Household Consumption Purposes â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Domestic Household Consumption Purposes? Answer: Introducation In order to attract the provisions of the 1958 Act, it is necessary that there must be some kind of sale and purchase that has taken place amid the consumer or non-consumer and the vendor or supplier. Further, the sale and purchase of the goods must have taken within the business course. But, the main question is who the consumer is and who is the seller as per the provisions of 1958 Act. As per section 3, a buyer is the person who buys or agrees to buy the goods and seller is the person who sells and agrees to sell the goods. As per section 7, Business both the buyer and seller are considered to be cable to enter into contracts provided they are capable as per the law of contract, that is, the parties are major as per the law of the country and are mentally competent. Also, as per section 85 of the Act the goods supplied are consumer goods provided the goods are mainly for dometic, household or for consumption purposes (Franzi, 1980) Now, whenever any seller is selling the goods to the buyer then there is an obligation upon him to comply with the provisions of Part 1, Division 2 of the 1958 Act. There are few conditions and warranties that are defined which are: Implied undertaking section 17 there is an implied undertaking the seller posses the requisite title of the goods prior to its sale (Niblett v Confectioners'Material. Sale by description section 18 there is a statutory condition on the seller that if the sale of goods is based on description then the goods must correspond with the description and is held in Frank v Grosvenor Motor Auctions Pty Ltd. Quality to fitness section 19 Normally there is no implied condition or warranty related to fitness. But, as per section 19 (1) of the Act, if the buyer has specified to the seller the specification prior the purchase of the goods then the goods so sold must match the description and any variation is contravention of section 19 (1) and is rightly held in Alpine Beef Pty Ltd v Trycill Pty Ltd . Also, if the seller deals with the goods with the goods of that description, then there is an implied condition that the goods must be of merchantable quality and is held in section 19 (1) (b) and is held in Australian Knitting Mills Ltd v Grant. Now, section 18 and section 19 cannot be excluded in any manner unless and unless the sale is of non-consumer goods. Further, there is yet another law that is enacted with the aim to provide relief to the consumers. The same is Australian Consumer Law. Part 3-5 of the ACL deals with the protections that are laid down in favor of the consumers. The protections must be served by the manufacturers of the goods. A manufacturer is a person who makes the product or whose name is on the goods so sold and also includes an importer of the goods (section 7 of the ACL). Now, every manufacturer must supply goods which are non defective in nature but of the goods are defective a per section 9 of the law then the consumer has every right to sue the manufacture for damages. A good is defective by analyzing its marketing, packaging, instruction, warning etc. (Commonwealth consolidated Act, 2017) Further, there are few statutory guarantees that must be complying with. The same are: As per section 54 of the ACL, the goods must be of acceptable quality. If the goods does not contain any description then it become unmercantable and are of not acceptable quality and is held in H Beechamand Co Pty Ltdv FrancisHoward and Co Pty Ltd. As per section 56 of the ACL the goods must correspond with the description of the goods. If the description of the goods is on the packaging then the same must correspond with the packaging of the goods and is held in Varley v Whipp. As per section 55, the goods must fit for the disclosed purposes; The law is now applied to the facts of the case. A technology is developed by Clean Aqua Pty Ltd which is a domestic appliance, Clean Aqua, and is for residential use. Thus, as per section 85 of the Act, the goods so supplied are consumer goods as they are for use of domestic is household purposes. Now, Charlie visits one of the seller, EnviroPro Pty Ltd, and grabs one of the sales person wherein he specifies that he requires Clean Aqua for drinking purposes. Now, since EnviroPro Pty Ltd is the retailer of Clean Aqua Pty Ltd, thus, as per section 17, he has the requisite title to sell. Also, as per section 19 (1), Charlie has specified the requirements of the products prior to the purchase and submitted that he is relying on the sales person judgment. Thus, there is now an implied condition that the product so supplied by sales person must be fit for the purpose. Also, Charlie has specified the goods description and EnviroPro Pty Ltd deals in the product that is required by Charlie, thus, as per section 19 (1) (b), the goods must be of merchantable quality. But, the goods is supplied are not fit for the purpose acquired by Charlie as the product can only be used for gardens, swimming pools, toilets, clothes and dish washers and is not suitable for drinking purposes. Thus, EnviroPro Pty Ltd is in violation of section 18 and section 19 of the Act. Also, section 18 and section 19 terms cannot be excluded if the contract is a consumer contract. Since the contract amid Charlie and EnviroPro Pty Ltd is a consumer contract thus, the sign that excludes the liability of EnviroPro Pty Ltd is not valid in nature. Thus, the liability of EnviroPro Pty Ltd cannot be excluded and Charlie can sue EnviroPro Pty Ltd for his damages. It is submitted that the Clean Aqua is the product that is produced by Clean Aqua Pty Ltd and thus as per section 7 of the accounting, it is the manufacture of the said product. Now, being the manufacturer of the product it must comply with the statutory guarantees that are laid down in the law. Now, Clean Aqua Pty Ltd did not comply with section 56 of the ACL as the goods the description of the goods is on the packaging but the same was not part of the Clean Aqua when the same was purchased by Charlie (Varley v Whipp). Thus, there is violation of section 56 which will empower Charlie to sue Clean Aqua Pty Ltd for the damages that are sustained by him. Conclusion Thus, Charlie has the right to sue both Clean Aqua Pty Ltd and EnviroPro Pty Ltd as they has not comply with their statuary conditions under the ACL and the Sales of Goods Act 1958 respectively. Reference List Sales of Goods Act 1958 Consumer and Competition Act (2010) Schedule 2- Australian Consumer Law Business-law Australian Knitting Mills Ltd v Grant (1933) Alpine Beef Pty Ltd v Trycill Pty Ltd [2010]. Frank v Grosvenor Motor Auctions Pty Ltd (1960). H Beechamand Co Pty Ltdv FrancisHoward and Co Pty Ltd [1921]. Varley v Whipp (1900).

The Rise of Single Party State in Russia

Introduction Russia is the biggest country in the world with its capital Moscow city. It was initially called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics that existed between 1922 and 1991. It consisted of Russia, Armenia, Moldova, Lithuania, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Estonia and several other countries (D’Agostino 45). After 1991, the USSR was dissolved into the many nations we know today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Single Party State in Russia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The communist state in Russia was formed after the overthrow of the monarch that had ruled the country for several decades. There are several reasons that led to the revolution that overthrew the rule of Romanov of the Tsar dynasty, rulers of Russia since 1613. The Tsars ruled Russia under a fundamental law that gave the monarch dictatorial power claiming that such a ruler was ordained by God himself. The rule of the empire was composed of three main bodies (Daniels 74). The first important arm of the ruling government was the Cabinet of Ministers that run the government and the various departments. The second arm was the Imperial Court, which was a group of advisors reporting directly to the Tsars. Finally, there was the Senate that supervised the operation of the law (Manfred 45). The outcome of this tyrannical rule was widespread poverty and a totally failed economy. Their total failure by the leadership of the state failed to address the extremely poor social economic state of the country. The literacy level of the peasant population was the lowest when compared to the neighbouring countries. Politically, Russia was extremely backward in terms setting up a stable political system. Russia had no parliament, political parties were outlawed and any attempt to undermine the rule of the emperor was punishable by death (Mirza 102). The regimes’ secret police called the Okhrana was tasked with enf orcing the oppressive law of the country. This resulted in the eventual uprising of the people of Russia against the leadership. The educated elites of the country saw that they were deliberately alienated by the monarch. Thus, they started a revolutionary call for a change of leadership. This group of revolutionaries considered themselves socialists, who followed the philosophy of the great German philosopher Karl Max. Lenin was the first of such intellect and began a party called the Russian Social Democratic Party while in exile in Finland. These Marxists were argumentative with others seeking a social country while the others wanted a strong industrially developed Russia (Tucker 45). In 1903, the Lenin party split into two, with one forming the Bolsheviks while the other formed the Mensheviks.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The struggle for a new Russia continued until 1917 when the country was deep at war. Russia decided to go into world war one for three main reasons. The first reason, perhaps the most important reason for Russia’s involvement in the war, was that Germany was fast becoming a powerful nation. The leaders of Russia feared that if Germany won the war, it would be unified into the powerful nation of Europe and the world. Such an outcome would have spelt doom for Russia. Secondly, the formation of the Austria- Hungary nation also introduced an upcoming powerhouse at the Russia‘s doorstep. The Ottoman Empire of Turkey, which was an ally of Russia, was in constant decline and this was not good for Russia (Brovkin 145). These circumstances forced the leadership in Russia to go into war thus the concentration of fighting internal aggression reduced. This gave the revolutionaries the opportunity to consolidate their forces and drive the idea of revolution in the minds of the people of Russia. Eventually on October 27, 1917, the emperor of Russia was overthrown together with the provincial government. They did so in the banner of ‘All Power to the Soviets’ (Manfred 198). However, even as they took power, a fierce war against Germany resumed in 1918. The disagreement between Lenin and Trotsky did not do well to end the war. While the two men wanted an end to the war, Trotsky was quite reluctant. However, in the end a treaty called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed ending the war for the soviets. As soon as the Bolsheviks took over the leadership of Russia, Lenin did not waste time in consolidating power. However, the Bolsheviks could not do this immediately. First, Russia was still engaged in World War I with a force declining in morale and equipment. Secondly, the followers of the old regime were still influential; thus, the Bolsheviks were simply fighting to survive (Manfred 78). To do this, Lenin decided to consolidate the Bolsheviks party by having its leader as elected persons. Such e lected member would assume leadership position. This strategy would distribute the power of the country to many parts of the country by having the Bolsheviks membership in every part of the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Single Party State in Russia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The important measure Lenin might have undertaken was the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. As to any assembly that would be formed, Lenin was totally against the idea of a democratic assembly. It was his view that a democracy would wash away the influence of the Bolsheviks. Thus, when the Constituent Assembly met in 1918, it was dissolved at gunpoint following the orders of Lenin (Streissguth 78). The second measure that Lenin considered vital was the issue of landownership and the problems associated with tyrannical property owners. One main undoing of the monarch was giving absolute power to property ow ners over peasants. Thus, Lenin understood well that property owners did not have room in the new Russia. At the same time, giving full ownership of the land to the peasants was not possible. Thus in the 1917 Land Decree, Lenin declared that no private ownership of land and that all land would become the property of the people (Manfred 78). There was also a similar decree about factories in the Russia. Worker had taken the ownership of factories after the 1917 revolution. Thus, Lenin did take away the factories but forms committee that look to the running of the factories. The workers were to elect members to such a committee and that order was to be maintained at the work place. Lenin also formed a new police force referred to as the Cheka. The new force was to be more organized and efficient as compared to the Okhrana. The new force was also mandated with destroying any anti-revolution forces. However, this mandate was widely defined by the Bolsheviks who misused the Cheka to the ir advantage (Brovkin 148). As the new rulers took control of the country, they introduced a policy called the War Communism. This policy involved the nationalization of all industry and centralization of all output. It also sought to get rid of the free exchange of money as well as eliminating private enterprise (Streissguth 78). In conclusion, Lenin was a revolutionary with great ideas. His communism ideals were based on Marxism. He started one of the greatest communist states to have emerged. He set a good ground for Joseph Stalin to rule with absolute power for several decades. He died in of stroke in 1924.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Brovkin, Vladimir. Russia after Lenin: politics, culture and society, 1921-1929. New York: Routledge, 1998. Print. Daniels, Vincent. The rise and fall of Communism in Russia. New York: Yale University Press, 2007. Print. D’Agostino, Anthony. The Rise of Global Powers: International Politics in the Era of the World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print. Manfred, Steger. The rise of the global imaginary: political ideologies from the French Revolution to the global war on terror. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Mirza, Rocky. The Rise and Fall of the American Empire: A Re-Interpretation of History, Economics and Philosophy: 1492-2006. New York: Trafford Publishing, 2007. Print. Streissguth, Thomas. The rise of the Soviet Union. London: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Print. Tucker, Robert. Stalinism: essays in historical interpretation. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1999. Print. This essay on The Rise of Single Party State in Russia was written and submitted by user Quinton U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What to do if your career plans fall through

What to do if your career plans fall through Maybe you applied for your dream job and never heard back. Maybe you made it months into the process, and after 3 rounds of interviews finally received a rejection. Or maybe you got what you thought was the perfect job and then realized it’s not the career for you. It’s tough to put everything you have into building a career and then have it not pan out. When your work life is out of balance, you’re in a vulnerable place, and that uncertainty can color all aspects of your life.Here are a few actions you can take to dig yourself out of a career slump and get yourself going in the right direction.Take a time out.When you get the rejection- or the realization hits you that you’re in the wrong job- give yourself a minute to wallow. Really, it’s okay to be frustrated and sad. Sulk, cry, and vent to your partner and friends. Take a moment to process before getting back on your A-game again.Accept the reality of the situation.The fact is, you’re not where you want to be. No matter how many good vibes you send into the world, you have to face reality. Figure out exactly where you are now, and accept that place as your new square one. This will give you a solid base from which to start and get done what you need to get done.Turn your anger into action.Instead of grumbling about how unfair life is, put all of that mental energy to better use figuring out how you’re going to move on. Sure, you can be annoyed and mad, but if you obsess over negative emotions, your bitterness will seep into your job hunt and your life.Work on yourself.We all have areas that need improvement. What are yours? Take some time to identify your trouble spots- or even just places where you could broaden your awesomeness. Nothing boosts your self worth- or your resume- like targeting weaknesses and eventually turning them into strengths.This is the professional version of turning lemons into lemonade. Sit down with a piece of paper or a blank screen and list the reason why you might have fallen short. Take a moment to figure out what you can learn from where you’ve ended up. What can you do in the future to improve and not make the same mistakes? How can you be better?Solicit feedback.Hiring managers are often happy to help you along your journey. Ask what you could have improved in order to be a better candidate for the position you didn’t get. You can also ask mentors, bosses, and colleagues how they would rate your past job performance. See how people view you from the outside, and then work on the skills that you lack.Get to work.Okay, you had your pity party and have assessed your strengths and weaknesses. Now’s the time to muster all your positivity and motivation and really get out there to get things done. Do your homework: figure out what you need to do to end up in your dream job and start all over again. You’ll get there.

Disproving Tolstoy essays

Disproving Tolstoy essays Music is the shorthand of emotion, (Leo Tolstoy). One may take this statement one of two ways. Tolstoy may mean that music, through the use of smaller elements, communicates a greater idea. He also may mean that music is an end to justify a superficial mean. Judging by Tolstoys theories and the fact that he often omits music (or vast genres of it) when arguing his philosophies of art, the latter is more probable. A Russian fiction writer turned philosopher, Tolstoy has some rather interesting theories of what is art. Throughout the course of this paper, I will explain what total serialism is, why its art, what Tolstoys theories are and why they do not hold up when looked at in relation to total serialism. Total serialism is an extension of Arnold Schoenbergs 12-tone technique, also known as dodecaphony. It was one of the most important and influential compositional styles of the 20th century. In the most basic terms, 12-tone serialism is a technique that aims to compose music in which no one tone more important than another. Through the use of a complex mathematical structure called a matrix, the music is composed. Though it may seem a little arduous to explain how this system works, it is important so that the reader may understand the amount of effort and creativity it takes to compose a serialistic piece. There are four different structures in a matrix. The original 12-tone row is called the prime. The prime is a series of randomly generated numbers (0-11) that correspond with each pitch in the chromatic scale. The prime backwards is called the retrograde. When all the intervals of the prime are inverted, it is called the inversion and when the inversion is played backwards, it i s called the retrograde inversion. A matrix includes each of these structures starting on each of the 12 pitches. The intervals are constant for each type of structure (i.e. prime, retrograde...) the only thing that changes ...

The Ambiguous Role of Gender Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Ambiguous Role of Gender Equality - Essay Example Issues of gender equality are expressed in schools, homes, offices and any other point of interaction. These issues focus on the responsibility of men and women concerning their role in bringing up their children. In ordinary society, men are expected to be the family’s breadwinner while women remain in the house taking care of the children and home. The focus on men in issues relating to gender equality has brought enormous shifts in gender roles in most societies. American men lead in the race towards a balanced society. According to Jeremy, â€Å"the definition of fatherhood has changed from pure breadwinning to care to give† (2011). This shows that most men are shifting their attitude towards gender equality. Although the rising level of gender equality in American society is been celebrated by most people, there are questions about the future society that does not have well-defined roles among men and women. The economic implications of gender equality are also of major concern among most people. The relationship and co-existence between the male and the female gender is also an issue of concern in relation to gender equality. According to Jeremy, there has been a lapse on implementing social issue due to the increased campaigns against gender inequality. The children are the basis of any society since values impacted on them by their parents propagate across generations. It is time that society starts looking at the negative side of gender equality. In this case, the natural role refers to the traditional society where women remained at home taking care of their children while men went out to work. The reversed roles are having a negative effect on the children particularly the boy child. In addition, the issue is affecting men who retain the responsibility of being the family’s breadwinner.

Discuss two items from each museum and respond to the questions Research Paper

Discuss two items from each museum and respond to the questions - Research Paper Example So, it can be seen that this communication is a complex process, through the medium of the art work itself. Earlier, the term art was used to refer any sort of skill or mastery. But the Romantic spirit which transformed the scenario of art helped it to relate itself to any object, concrete or abstract, capable to stimulate thoughts and emotions. The power of Art to attract human minds is irrevocably proven and it is clear that the discussion of art pieces from different museums will shed much light to the foretold subject. The museums selected for the discussion are: National Portrait Gallery and Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, and the items selected are: 1. Fine arts- the portrait of Abraham Lincoln namely-‘The Penny Image of Abraham Lincoln’ (see appendix-1) by William Willard. 2. Natural history (Archaeology) – ‘Mummied Ibis’ (see appendix-2) i.e., mummified form of an animal excavated from Egypt. The painting-‘The Penny Image of Abraham Lincoln’, was painted by William Willard in 1864. The medium of the work is oil on canvas and the owner is the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. The object-‘Mummied Ibis’ is an animal mummy excavated from Abydos, an important site of Ancient Egyptian culture. The portrait is based on a photograph of Lincoln, captured by Anthony Berger at a famous studio, namely Mathew Brady’s studio, Washington D.C., in 1864. At the same time, the second object selected for discussion, i.e. ‘Mummied Ibis’ symbolize the cultural aspects of ancient Egypt. The process of mummifying or embalming was a complex process related to the belief of ancient Egyptians in life after death. Barry J. Kemp reflects that: â€Å"The nature of the ancient Egyptian state and its wealth of devices-myth, symbol and institution to manipulate minds and to direct the lives

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay Example for Free

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay The Diagnosis and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder Introduction            Antisocial (dissocial) personality disorder is a person-oriented disorder which is majorly characterized by a universal pattern of violating other people’s rights.            It is a mental health condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of altering, exploiting, or violating the rights of others (Franz, 1993, p.4).            It is said to begin in childhood or early adolescence and continues all the way into the adulthood stage. A person suffering from antisocial personality disorder can be identified after noting a gross disparity between the person’s behavior and the prevailing social norms.            Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder:            Persistent attitude of irresponsibility and failure to regard the social norms, policies and duties. Marked readiness to blame other people for the behavior that is responsible for the person being into conflict with the society. Extremely low level of tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, with violence included. Conspicuous lack of concerns for the feelings of other people in the society. Lack of adequate capacity to gain positively from experience, more specific punishment.            Generally, the treatment and diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder can be viewed from several different perspectives; depending on the major factor associated with the disorder.            Despite the fact that, conduct disorder is different from antisocial personality disorder, the presence of conduct disorder in either the childhood or the adolescence stage may in one way support the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. The diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is majorly based on behavioral patterns and personality traits of the person (.Frownfelter, Donna, Elizabeth 2006, p.61).            The diagnosis is somehow faced with a critically complex situation that inhibits its success; it is very difficult to obtain a reliable measure of personality traits. The diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder can be effective after a few conditions have been met; the person must be at least 18 years old before the diagnosis. There should also be evidence of conduct disorder in the person as a child, whether or not it was ever formally diagnosed by a professional. In the general population, antisocial personality disorder is found to be more prevalent in males than in female with a ratio of 3:1, thus careful investigation should be made to the male population as it is more vulnerable to the disorder. Similar to most personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder will generally decrease in intensity with age; with the people in the 40s and 50s experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms of the disorder. The diagnosis of antisocial personality disorde r is specifically done by a trained mental health professional, for instance, a psychologist or psychiatrist. This type of psychological diagnosis is beyond the level that can be addressed by family physicians and general practitioners due to inadequate skills to perform the operation. There are no; genetic, laboratory, or blood tests that are used in the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorders. Most of the people suffering from antisocial personality disorder, generally, do not often seek out treatment until the disorder significantly starts to interfere or in other words impact a person’s life. This in most cases happens when the coping resources of a person are stretched too thin to take care of stress and other life events. In the diagnosis process, the mental health professional compares the person’s symptoms and life history with the majorly known symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. The conclusion from the comparison will make a determination of whether your symptoms meet the criteria necessary for an antisocial personality disorder diagnosis.            The major causes of antisocial personality disorder are most likely due to biological and genetic factors, social factors (for instance, how a person interacts in his or her early development with family and friends and also other children), and psychological factors (the individual’s personality and temperament, modified by their environment and acquired coping skills to cope up with stress. If a person is suffering from antisocial personality disorder, from analytical researches, there is a slightly high chance of â€Å"passing down† the disorder to his or her siblings (Barron Frank, 1963, p.87). Psychotherapy            The treatment of antisocial personality disorder majorly involves the employment of long-term psychotherapy with a therapist equipped with enough experience in the field of this disorder.            The population that is suffering from antisocial personality disorder experiences a state of lacking connections between feelings and behaviors. The practice of helping the subject population on how to draw the lines between feelings and behaviors is of great benefit to the people suffering from antisocial personality disorder. In the treatment of antisocial personality disorder, threats are never an appropriate motivating method; by threatening to report their noncompliance with therapy to the courts or warden. However, it is appropriate to put more efforts to assist the people suffering from this disorder find better reasons that may be needed to work on this problem; for instance, submitting themselves to additional psychological examinations. The effective psychotherapy treatment for antisocial personality disorder is limited. Psychoanalytic approaches that reinforce appropriate behaviors and trying to make connections between the person’s actions and fe elings may be of greater assistance.            Emotions usually form a key element of treatment of antisocial personality disorder.            Patients often have had little or no significant emotionally-rewarding relationships in their lives.            In the treatment of antisocial personality disorder, a very close therapeutic relationship can only occur when a good and solid rapport has been established with the client and he or she can trust the therapist implicitly.            The issue of confidentiality is highly preserved in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder.            Since the clinician has to occasionally report on the patient’s progress in therapy, this should be done in a way that does not reveal the significant details of the therapy. The limitations of therapy should be discussed with the patient up-front, in a clear manner, to avoid later misunderstanding. The patient’s emotions form the basic platform of consideration from which various emotional states, like depression, are experienced. This calls for the clinician to be supportive and empathetic to the patient during this time (Gazzaniga, Heatherton, 2006, p.38).            Dealing with â€Å"safe issues† and discussing more real-life concerns, (one way of treating this disorder), is rather less effective in long term behavioral change as compared with an approach emphasizing the discovery and labeling of appropriate emotional states. The therapist should usually take a neutral stance in the matter of interacting with the authority figures. Often people suffering from antisocial disorder find themselves in a group setting, simply because they are not given any choices of treatment. This inhibits treatment, since in most of the groups the individual can remain emotionally-closed and has little reason to share with others. Family therapy is of great assistance in boosting education and understanding amongst the family members (.Frownfelter, Donna, Elizabeth 2006, p.84).            Philip W. Long, M.D. adds, †This confusion, guilt, the temptation to make restitution for the patient’s criminal acts, and the frustrations of working with someone who is seen to be quite ill but who will not be treated should all be discussed openly with family members.† Hospitalization            Antisocial personality disorder can also be treated through hospitalization even though, inpatient care is rarely appropriate. With this type of disorder, loss of freedom is one of the major characteristics and it may be more of a motivating factor than in other personality disorders; thus some specialized treatment facilities have commenced to treat people suffering from this disorder. This method utilizes a strict behavioral approach of placing patients on a token economy mainly considering their treatment progress. Little research has been conducted to confirm the long-term effectiveness of this method. As with other treatments of personality disorders, this method focuses on feelings and connecting antisocial behavior to appropriate feeling states. Since inpatient programs are found to be intensive and expensive, the treatment gains are maintained by the community follow up and support, either by the hospital or professionals, or with the use of self-help suppo rt groups. Medication; no research has suggested the effectiveness of medication in the treatment of this disorder.            Medication should only be used to treat clear, acute and serious Axis concurrent diagnoses (Kirk, 2005, p.101). Self-help strategies            Another method for the treatment of antisocial personality disorder is self-help strategies.            This method involves very few professionals hence it is often overlooked by the medical profession. Groups tailored specifically for antisocial personality disorder can facilitate the implementation of this method especially for the people with this disorder.            Individuals suffering from this disorder feel more at ease to discuss their feelings and behaviors in front of their peers in this type of supportive modality. Usually a group is of great help and beneficial to most people suffering from this disorder, only when they overcome their initial fears and hesitation to join such a group. There are several support groups existing in different parts of the world to help those who are affected by this disorder and share common experience and feelings. In a general field of view, antisocial personality disorder can be best managed if the affected are in a good rank to interact amongst them bravely (Barron Frank, 1963, p.98). Outpatient Therapy            Outpatient therapy is another method in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder even though it is found not to be very successful in the treatment.            This method is commonly executed with the children with the following specifications:-Have experienced serious injuries with them, are undergoing learning difficulties, arte experiencing some problems in the execution of their daily living obligations, have chronic as well as acute conditions that in one way or another inhibit their development (Zarit, 1980, p.76).            The treatment of antisocial personality disorders by the method of outpatient therapy involves a team of specialists conducts the exercise of evaluating each and every affected child after which a personalized treatment plan is formulated. The formulated team may comprise of highly skilled personnel such as; Language pathologists; whose main task is to evaluate the children’s communication with the world. Occupational therapists, who evaluate self care skills in the children with several types of diagnoses, and various levels of disabilities. Recreational therapists, whose main duty is to enhance and encourage high level of functional independence, leisure activities, and recreation via various techniques such as; group recreation and field trips, adaptive equipment specialists, who work in conjunction with the other therapists to establish a better way to assist the children in achieving their set of realistic goals. This is majorly achieved via the exercis e of designing and fabricating special equipment or improving the status of existing equipment. Physical therapists also form a major component of the formulated team since they aim at enhancing the children’s flexibility and mobility via play and exercise (Mann, 1989, p.56). Schema Therapy            In addition to the so far discussed methods of treating antisocial personality disorder, schema therapy is another effective method to serve the same purpose.            Schema therapy is an integrative approach to treatment that unites the best aspects of cognitive behavioral, interpersonal and psychoanalytic therapies into a single compact model.            It is best remarked to help people to change negative patterns with which they have long-lived.            The deeper patterns that are mainly targeted by this method in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder are enduring and self-defeating schemas which are said to begin early in life.            These patterns majorly comprise of dysfunctional thoughts and feelings; which pose obstacles for accomplishing one’s target goals as well as satisfying one’s needs. These patterns are worsened by enduring in most of the schema beliefs which in turn lead to enhancement of the antisocial personality disorder. This method (schema therapy) of treatment aims at assisting the affected person to disintegrate these negative schemas of thinking, behaving and feeling; (which are known to be very tenacious), to develop healthier alternatives to substitute them (Wade, Tavris, 2000, p.49). Stages of schema therapy            Firstly, the assessment phase; in this stage, schemas are identified during the initial sessions. Questionnaires can also be used to get a clear picture of the constituent schemas involved.            Secondly, the emotional awareness and experiential phase; in this stage, patients get in touch with the respective schemas and acquire some knowledge on how to deal with the schemas when they are carrying out their obligations in their day-to-day life (Vreeswijk, Broersen, 2012, p.128).            Thirdly and lastly, the behavioral change stage; this is the focus stage during which the affected person is actively involved in substituting negative, behaviors and habitual thoughts with new and healthy behavioral patterns.            On a broad base, the goal of schema therapy is to assist patients to have their core emotional needs met. This is achieved by learning how to carry out the following practices:-            Heal schemas and vulnerable modes by having the needs met in and outside of the therapeutic relationship. Establish healthy behavioral patterns and modes. Abandon the usage of maladaptive coping styles and modes that pose an obstacle to contact with feelings. Adopt reasonable limits for angry, overcompensating or impulsive behavioral patterns and modes.            In schema therapy, an imagery dialogue between the â€Å"schema side† and the â€Å"healthy side†.            Schema therapy interventions are more experiential as well as emotion focused.            They can also be behavioral. Limited Re-parenting is one of the most distinctive and central areas in schema therapy.            According to Myers, 2004, p39, it is known to be the heart of treatment in schema therapy. Research has been conducted and it is clearly evident from the outcomes that; a relatively large percentage of those affected by this personality disorder can achieve full recovery across the complete range of symptoms.            The patients engaged in these studies attributed a great concern of the effectiveness of the treatment and the relatively low dropout rate to limited re-parenting. Limited re-parenting comprises of the establishment of a secure attachment via the therapist. A broadly conducted research supports that secure attachment is at the root of adaptive functioning, well-being as well as flourishing. Most of the maladaptive schemas are found to mainly relate to the state of generally unmet needs in the childhood as well as lack of appropriate relationships (Barlow, David 2001, p.28).            They are generally considered as a pattern of established unstable behaviors to the daily life situations. Maladaptive schemas can as well be bodily sensations associated with traumas.            They have an overall negative result, that is; a person may view him or herself in collaboration with difficulties thus establishing one’s true identity. The antisocial behaviors may also comprise of schema modes; which are found to be emotional states as well as ways of coping which every person must experience in one moment or another. Conducted researches have outcome that; those people who are suffering from antisocial personality disorders in most cases tend to be hypersensitive and may be greatly affected by a simple image or a word of offense (Gelfer, 1996, p.59).            This calls for a special and soft procedure to be developed so as to sort out the issue of antisocial disorders in a non-harassing manner thus more effective methods were adopted to deal with the antisocial disorders. The focus of limited re-parenting extends over a broad range of needs such as early connection, sufficient limits and autonomy. The schema therapy group of treatment resulted in significant reductions in the disorder’s symptoms and global improvement in functioning. A collaborative randomly controlled trial with 14 sites in six countries is further in progress to explore the productive interaction between groups and schema therapy.            Schema therapy is generally cost effective and is much more accurate as far as treatment of antisocial personality disorder is concerned. To conclude, the ultimate goal of schema therapy is to assist patients to have their core needs met. Multisystem Therapy            Furthermore, antisocial personality disorder can be treated using a method called Multisystem Therapy (MST); which is one of the most successful methods for the treatment.            This is an intensive, family-focused and community-based treatment technique for chronic as well as violent youth. This method is goal oriented with its objective being; to help caregivers manage and nurture their challenging adolescents in a much better manner (.Andrews, 1961, p.38).            Juvenile justice is one of the major forms of multisystem therapy; it deals with the problems of adolescents who have significant histories of committing crime. There are other systems whose task is to sort out the situations in other serious behavioral issues; for instance, drug abuse, abuse and neglect, as well as psychiatric disorders. The target goal for this method of treatment is to drastically reduce the antisocial behaviors as well as criminal activity amongst the youth. This is achieved at a relatively lower cost by reducing the rates of incarceration. Multisystem therapy empowers both the youth and the parents with the required skills as well as resources to facilitate independency and establish a way to deal with the complex environment as well as social problems. The method of multisystem therapy was specifically innovated to deal with adolescents’ antisocial behaviors. It typically aims at chronic as well as substance-abusing juvenile offenders aged between 12 and 17 years. This bracket of population is much more vulnerable to out-of-home placement.            Unlike other several methods of treatment where the affected person sees a therapist at a clinic; in multisystem therapy, the therapists go to the subject’s home and community (Levine, Gallogly, 1985, p.39).            This clearly explains why this method is preferred in the treatment to other methods (it has direct exposure to the environment of the affected person hence effective decisions can be made to address the problem. In the process of designing a treatment plan, the multisystem therapists collaborate with parents, caregivers and family members. The plan builds on the strengths of in the family members’ lives; which creates success environment during and after treatment.            Generally, the major obligations of multisystem therapy include:- Enhance family relations, Assist the affected person develop a vocation, Expose the youth to friends who deviate from the antisocial behaviors, Create a support network which in turn assist the caregivers maintain the changes, and advance on the caregivers’ parenting skills.            Conducted research has shown that, multisystem therapy is more effective as compared to other standard treatments. This has been supported by the follow-up studies made with the youth and families. This guarantees the long-term effectiveness of the multisystem therapy. This method of treating antisocial personality disorder has been found to be cost effective as noted from a broadly conducted research over a great extent of the world (.Paris, 1996, p.98). References Andrews, M. F. (1961). Creativity and psychological health;. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. Barlow, David H.. (2001). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: a step-by-step treatment manual. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press, Print. Barron, Frank. (1963) Creativity and psychological health; origins of personal vitality and creative freedom.. New York: Van Nostrand, Print. Co-occurring conditions toolkit: mild traumatic brain injury and psychological health : concussion, posttraumatic stress, depression, chronic pain, headache, substance use disorder.. (2010). Washington, D.C.?: Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health Traumatic Brain Injury. Franz, M. (1993). Psychotherapy. Boston: Shambhala. Frownfelter, Donna L., and Elizabeth Dean. (2006). Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy: evidence and practice. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier, Print. Gazzaniga, M.S., Heatherton, T.F. (2006). Psychological Science. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.[ Gelfer, M. P. (1996). Survey of communication disorders: a social and behavioral perspective. Gray, P. (1999). Psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Kirk, S. A. (2005). Mental disorders in the social environment: critical perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press. Levine, B., Gallogly, V. (1985). Group therapy with alcoholics: outpatient and inpatient approaches. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications. Mann, J. John.(1989). Models of depressive disorders: psychological, biological, and genetic perspectives. New York: Plenum Press, Print. Myers, D. G. (2004). Psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Paris, J. (1996). Social factors in the personality disorders: a biopsychosocial approach to etiology and treatment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vreeswijk, M. v., Broersen, J. (2012). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy Theory, Research and Practice.. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Wade, C., Tavris, C. (2000). Psychology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Zarit, Steven H.. (1980) Aging and mental disorders: psychological approaches to assessment and treatment. New York: Free Press, Print. http://www.div12.org/PsychologicalTreatments/disorders.htmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/updates/2013/mental-disorders-as-brain-disorders-thomas-insel-at-tedxcaltech.shtml Source document

World Trade Organisation and Legalization :: essays research papers fc

"The WTO is now a debating society with a Supreme Court". Has the legalization of the WTO weakened its diplomacy-based negotiating mechanism? With the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), dispute settlement has moved to the centre stage of the multilateral trading order. Hence, in this essay I will consider the effects of the new Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) on trade relations. At first, I will illustrate how the DSM operates and how it is different from dispute settlement under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Secondly, I will underline the relative success of the new DSM but also point to some emerging problems and weaknesses inherent in a highly legalized DSM. I will conclude that the DSM has weakened the WTO’s diplomacy-based negotiating mechanism as the emphasis of dispute settlement has markedly shifted from political bargaining to legal proceedings. Yet, I will contend that the description of the WTO as a â€Å"debating society† is inadequate since member states are explicitly creating and enforcing trade rules rather then just debating over them. Moreover, to portray the new DSM as a â€Å"Supreme Court† seems implausible since on the one hand, it represents an ad-hoc two-tier system and not a full time court; on the other, it still supports and favours out-of-court settlements at almost any stage of the legal process. The goal of establishing a more effective DSM during the Uruguay Round negotiations was to foster the creation of a â€Å"rule-oriented system† that gives guidance in the way of predictable and generally stable rules to all participants of the multilateral world trading system (Article 3.2 of the DSU ). Although international trade is understood in the WTO as the flow of goods and services between members, it is typically not conducted by states, but rather by private economic actors. These market participants need stability and predictability in the government laws, rules and regulations applying to their commercial activity, especially when they conduct trade on the basis of long-term transactions. Hence, the DSU aims to provide a fast, efficient, dependable and rule-oriented system to resolve disputes about the application of the provisions of the WTO agreement. An interesting facet of the cases brought so far to the DSM is the much higher amount of participation by develop ing countries. They have brought a number of the cases themselves, even against some of the big industrial trading entities (Thailand vs. US in December 2004 or Korea vs.

Business Industry Essay

Protection is being the number one reason on why gadget accessories have been growing in a fast phase. Both small size gadget to big size gadget need protection from the harsh outside environment, and therefore many companies have been trying to solve the problem by making a suit or body protector for the gadget lover to keep their devices functional even with severe impact to the ground or other hard objects. The mobile phone accessories itself accounts for 36 billion dollar which is a very unexpected number because of the forecasted number was 20 million by the end of 2012. This proven that the industry has been performing very well that even the prediction to the real value ratio is almost doubled. The trend of using smartphone and newest laptop has taken protection of those items to the next level. High protection for expensive gadget is very important nowadays, this is proven by the amount of money people spent on having the best protection for their devices. There are 2 types o n consumers in this business, people who actually put accessories on their smartphone to add esthetic value to their gadget and people who buy accessories for the protection of their gadget. This trend is supported by several studies that shown people who have gadget spent more than 55 dollars alone for the accessories. Smartphone industry is very popular among the age group of 18-44 and therefore the accessories come along with the age group of people who have smartphone. This research is done and concluded with more than 55% of the age group have smart phone. Otterbox Otterbox is a private company which is founded in 1998. It has been producing the protection for gadget ever since. Otterbox is headquartered in Fort Collins, Colorado and it’s trademark is to build a waterproof electronic cases for mobile devices. Otterbox product lines are mainly focus on the protection of the product and not focused on the esthetic side of the product. Functionality has been the front line of the product. Mainly it is as waterproof boxes and device-specific smartphone and tablet cases designed for outdoor enthusiast. Unique selling point Over the years, Otterbox has earned a reputation for the best protection for portable devices which offer high impact protection, water protection, etc. The Otterbox premium feature is offered by the premium price that comes along with it. Leaving its competitor behind, Otterbox sells their product from a competitive price of $25 to a whopping $70 for the defender series that offer the best protection for portable devices. Target Market Otterbox targets mainly on outdoor enthusiast who usually go out to rough terrains. Given the product main unique selling point of protection, Otterbox can relieve the fear of destroying their devices during their activity outside. SWOT Strength| Weakness| Strong brand nameDiversified ProductsStrong logistic| Lack of promotion| Opportunities| Threat| Growing market of smartphone| Intense competitionImitation start coming to the market| Strength Strong brand name People who know Otterbox know that the product is a very high quality product. The customers know that they are getting what they paid for. Even though Otterbox release a new product line, the customers will already know that the product will offer protection like no other brand. Diversified Products: The product lines of Otterbox varies from small smartphone to big smartphone even tablet, and therefore customers find it is nice to have the protective case that made specifically for that type of device that they have. Strong Logistic: It is easy to find Otterbox all over the world. Otterbox have channel distribution almost all over the world with the main phone accessories distributor in that country and therefore, getting our hand on Otterbox is relatively easy. Weakness: Lack of promotion People who know Otterbox know that it is a good product, but a lot of people don’t know Otterbox because their lack of promotion compared to other brand such as Targus. Opportunities: Growing market of Smart phone As it is described in the market Industry analysis, the market has been growing unexpectedly high compared to the forecast, and therefore by using this opportunity, Otterbox can boost up the sale of their product alongside with the growing industry market. Threats Intense competition: Competition has been very tough and it is not getting easier for Thule, more companies are coming to step in to the way in the protective case market. Fierce competition is on the eyesight and newcomers such as Balistic, Hardcore, and Casemate Imitation comes to the market Even though it is still hard to get, imitation has been swarming the market because Otterbox such a good product. However, if Otterbox just let it go, the problem will get much bigger and imitation could cannibalize the real product. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. https://www.abiresearch.com/press/accessories-get-smarter-as-smartphones-drive-more- [ 2 ]. http://velositor.com/2012/03/14/smartphone-accessories-market-growing-while-feature-phone-accessories-market-forecasted-to-decline/ [ 3 ]. http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2012/survey-new-u-s-smartphone-growth-by-age-and-income.html [ 4 ]. http://www.inc.com/inc5000/201109/otterbox-curt-richardson-how-i-reinvented-m

Ball bounce higher when it is warmed up Essay

Prediction I predict that for this experiment the higher the temperature, the more the ball will bounce. I put this down to the temperature is raised, the particles inside will gain energy therefore the higher the ball will bounce. Equipment For this experiment I will use the following equipment to do this experiment: – 1. Beaker 2. Bunsen burner 3. Splints 4. Tripod 5. Gauze 6. Thermometer 7. Squash Ball 8. Paper Towels 9. Meter Ruler 10. Tongs 11. Stop Clock 12. Safety goggles. Method Choose one yellow spot squash ball. This will be used throughout the experiment to ensure that the ball is made of the same rubber and same size. The experiment will be carried out on the hard floor tiles of the science laboratory. The area will be clean to ensure there are no irregularities on the surface. The ball will be heated to the required temperature by placing it in a beaker of heated water for one minute. To ensure the human body does not affect the temperature, tongs will handle it. Temp (? C) Temp (Kelvin). Results I am going to work out pressure and predicted hang time using the following formulas. This is how to work out pressure; P1 is Pressure 1, which is always 1. T1 is Time 1 and T2 is Time 2. This number changes as you work out To work out predicted hang time you use this formula. In this formula P1, P2 etc are Predicted hang time. This number changes as you work out   Temp (Kelvin) Pressure Predicted Hang time Actual Hang time. Analysis From my graph I can see that the predicted hang time and the actual hang time differ greatly from 293 Kelvin onwards, the real hang time increases quite dramatically where as the predicted hang time escalates only a bit. From doing this experiment I have found out that when pressure is increased by raising the temperature inside a squash ball, the particles gain more energy and can reform more quickly from its impact on the surface. My actual hang time results show this. My prediction was correct in the sense that my theory of the particles gaining energy worked. My predicted hang times unfortunately were not correct. They were not a good match to my actual hang time results; I put this down to another variable. The other variable I believe is elasticity of the squash ball’s material. I believe that if the ball has high elasticity then the deformation (formed by the impact of the ball hitting the surface) of the ball will be bigger and because it is bigger it will reform more quickly and bounce higher. The energy at the start of the ‘dropping’ process gravitational potential energy, but as the ball speed increases this changes to kinetic energy. When the ball reaches impact, kinetic energy changes to elastic potential energy and a bit of thermal and sound energy. This thermal and sound energy remain at a low constant throughout the rest of the balls ‘bounce back’. When the ball reforms it bounces up and gravitational energy increases to its previous level. Evaluation I think I conducted my experiment to a high standard and there were no major anomalous results (except the hang time and predicted hang time results). Each result had an average difference of 7. 9 between the next one, this average was brought down drastically by the 2. 8 difference between the first two results (38. 4 and 41. 2). If I were to make any improvements to the method and equipment of this experiment I would: – 1. Change the way the ball was dried as I think a more sophisticated way could be used to prevent human error. 2. Use a different way of timing the balls impact to the ground; a touch sensitive timer mat would work well. 3. I would try different surfaces on which the ball lands on, this could be thought of as another variable I could develop. If I were to do this experiment I would change the temperatures to smaller differences i. e. 273 Kelvin, 278 Kelvin etc. to see if I could find an ideal temperature that had a good enough ‘bounce’ to help develop work into elasticity of the balls material. If I were to develop this experiment further I would test elasticity. To test this I would experiment with a range of different squash balls. I would cut them into equal narrow pieces and use a Newton spring to test how much the piece of squash ball could hold and how long it would take to reform back to its original shape, for this I would use a Newton spring and stop clock. All in all I think I conducted myself well on this experiment and have learned a lot. Emma Dovaston 11GG Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

New Nano-Materials Offer Promising Results essays

New Nano-Materials Offer Promising Results essays In many recent studies researchers have found that looking at the microscopic level for new developments in engineering has yielded excellent results. These researchers are beginning to see that materials which are readily available will behave much differently when they are restructured on a nanometer scale. These newly structured materials have applications in nearly every field of engineering, as almost all of their characteristics are altered when they are restructured. Researchers are finding uses for these nano-scale materials in everything from medical uses to the design of super-strength materials to replace steel and other alloys. Although I think it is still very importnat to concentrate on the final product, beginning the manufacturing process at this level will ultimately increase the strength and value of these products. Nanotechnology is not necessarily a brand new field of science, but it has recently received much more attention than other types of research. Originally nanotechnology was meant to help engineers reduce the size of semiconductors and other electronic devices, but it is now being used in many other fields. An article in BioTech Week discusses the use of carbon nanotubes to make new prosthetic joints which function more like a real joint. These tubes, which are less than a 100th the diameter of a human hair, have been around for a while, but it is the new method of forming them that is allowing engineers to put them to use. Researchers in this biomedical field have found a way to attatch DNA to the tubes to make them "self-assemble," making it practical to produce enough of the tubes for widescale manufacturing. Rather than completely make these prosthetic joints from nanotubes, they are still being made of their traditional material, titanium alloy, and then being coated with the tubes. Coating the titanium is allowing bone cells and other human tissues to make a better bond to the surface, thus all ...

Obama and the White House Christmas Tree Myth

Obama and the White House Christmas Tree Myth There are many vicious rumors about President Barack Obama and his religion. One such myth is that Obama is a closet Muslim. Another alleges Obama canceled the National Day of Prayer. See more: 5 Wacky Myths About Obama Heres one more oddball, and wrong, claim that makes the rounds at Christmastime: The Obamas did away with the traditional White House Christmas tree beginning in 2009 in favor of a secular holiday tree. Myth of the Obama Holiday Tree Spreads A widely circulated email reads, in part: We have a friend at church who is a very talented artist. For several years she, among many others, has painted ornaments to be hung on the various White House Christmas trees. The WH sends out an invitation to send an ornament and informs the artists of the theme for the year. She got her letter from the WH recently. It said that they would not be called Christmas trees this year. They will be called Holiday trees. And, to please not send any ornaments painted with a religious theme. The myth of the Obama holiday tree is just a bunch of holiday hooey. The origins of the email are unknown, and thus suspect. The White House has denied ever sending such a letter instructing artists not to send ornaments with religious themes. How the Obamas Refer to the Tree The Obamas themselves refer to the tree that adorns the White House Blue Room as a Christmas tree, not a holiday tree. First Lady Michelle Obama, speaking with the president on his weekly radio address on Dec. 24, 2009, made reference to the White House Christmas tree. This is our first Christmas in the White House, and we are so grateful for this extraordinary experience, Mrs. Obama said. Not far from here, in the Blue Room, is the official White House Christmas tree. Its an 18-foot tall Douglas-fir from West Virginia and its decorated with hundreds of ornaments designed by people and children from all over the country. Each one is a reminder of the traditions we cherish as Americans and the blessings were thankful for this holiday season. The official White House website, by the way, contains not a single reference to any holiday tree. And the National Christmas Tree Association, whose members have presented the official White House tree for the Blue Room since 1966, also calls it a Christmas tree, not a holiday tree. Its time for this holiday hoax to be nipped in the bud. True Facts About the White House Christmas Tree The White House Christmas Tree, not to be confused with the National Christmas Tree, is the official indoor Christmas tree at the White House. The National Christmas Tree is the much larger tree installed annualy on the Ellipse outside the White House. The â€Å"first† White House Christmas Tree is believed to have been installed by either President Franklin Pierce during the 1850s or by President Benjamin Harrison during the late 1880s. The tradition of the First Lady choosing a decorative theme for the tree began in 1961, when First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy selected a Nutcracker motif. Earlier Christmas Controversies The Obama tree is far from the first White House Christmas to spark criticism. In 1899, the Chicago Daily Tribune urged President William McKinley to drop what the newspaper called the â€Å"Christmas tree habit,† in reference to backers of the â€Å"forestry fad† of the day, which had called the cutting of Christmas trees â€Å"arboreal infanticide.† Others called Christmas trees â€Å"un-American,† being a historically German tradition. In 1899, only one Christmas tree was placed inside the White House- in the kitchen for the maids. In 1969, at the height of the Cold War, President Richard Nixon’s choice of the atomic symbol rather than a traditional religious star as a White House tree topper drew harsh rebuke. In 1995, President Bill Clinton was criticized for â€Å"politicizing† the tree. The controversy surrounded an ornament that depicted two Christmas stockings, one marked â€Å"Bill† and one marked â€Å"Newt,† in reference to Democrat Clinton’s arch political rival, Republican Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich. The stocking marked â€Å"Bill† was filled with candy and gifts, while the one marked â€Å"Newt† was full of coal.

Save the Children ( NGO) Changes the Lives of Children Essay

Save the Children ( NGO) Changes the Lives of Children - Essay Example Asia comprises more than 70 percent of the undernourished children, Africa has 26 percent, while Latin America and the Caribbean has 4 percent. It was reported that malnourishment starts even before birth when the pregnant mother herself is malnourished. Thus, one to six infants in developing countries are born undernourished with low birth weight. As a result, infants either die at birth, affected by disabilities in learning, mentally retarded or blind. The UNICEF report indicated that around 22,000 children die annually as a result of poverty. Around 120 to 125 million children around the world (or one in every five children) have not been enrolled in the primary school level. Africa has 24 million females at school age who do not go to primary school, while boys exceed them by 5 percent in 22 African states. Children belong to a disadvantaged group and are vulnerable socially and physically. And if they were orphaned or abandoned by their parents, they would be helpless on their own to survive, remain healthy and become educated. Concerns and Problems Involving Children Numerous civil society groups, non-government organisations (NGOs) or people’s organisations (POs) are helping the children whose social, educational and physical needs are not met. They advocate one or more rights or assistance for children so that the latter can thrive in their respective localities as human beings, and not deprived of their basic rights and needs.

A news feature story about Indiana Universitys effort to control Essay

A news feature story about Indiana Universitys effort to control student costs by making it more likely that students will graduate on time - Essay Example According to Mr.McRobbie, the program will allow qualified students to receive on-time completion award equal to any increase in tuition and fees that they could otherwise have incurred during their final two years in the university. The program will also allow any qualifying student who has not graduated to pay the current tuition and fee according to the current rates for any time at Indiana University beyond their fourth year. This move is seen as a step aimed at encouraging students to graduate in four years without having to incur excessive debt. To eco this, McRobbie said †this award makes two things clear: that we are serious about holding down the cost of an IU degree, and that we are equally serious about providing tools and incentives to help students stay on course for on-time degree completion.†. He continued to state, â€Å"The University has clearly put into consideration both the students and families message that to them, cost matters when pursuing a degr ee course. Our efforts in trying to keep our degrees at affordable standards will not only improve will not only improve on graduation time rates, but also lower the cost of the degree.† The university has not only sought to reduce the tuition costs alone. It has instituted a financial literacy program for students. The move was welcome by students who saw it as a great relief from the backlog of academic tuitions as well as instilling more knowledge on their financial understanding. Most of the students in their final years of their study previously, were not exempted from class work. â€Å"This move by the university comes as a relief to most students who are on their final years of their studies with minimal work to cover. Indeed, mostly, students at this stage of their program rarely attend classes,† Said the Universities’ student spokesperson in an interview. â€Å"At least, we now can position ourselves as students with enough information on financial literacy† he states.

Corrections Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corrections - Case Study Example image created in the media can be remedied if the media stopped focusing on the profitability of the content and instead promote giving accurate information about prison facilities. This will make the public to be sentient about the functions of prisons and their significance in law enforcement. a) Some of the media stereotypes, which are associated with correction facilities, include the following. Correctional facilities are depicted as places characterized by physical brutality where the inmates are subjected to violence (Surette 179). The prisons are also stereotyped to have corrupt individuals who benefit from the situation of the inmates. b) The perceptions on the image of the institutions can be addressed if the media focuses on the actual situation in the prisons. This will give the public a clear insight into the operations of the facilities hence rid the society of the stereotypes. The media are integral in changing the negative stereotypes associated with correction

The Changing world of Work Project Essay Example for Free

The Changing world of Work Project Essay 1. Explain the different ways the length of time people stayed in their jobs have changed today since the time of my grandparents. In todays fast-pace society, one is constantly having to change, especially with regard to the jobs one has and the careers one may pursue. The Jobs for life idea is long gone. My grandparents probably started work for one company when they were aged around 15-16, and they would have been more likely to stay with the same company for the rest of their life until they retired. The majority of people, back in the day, tended to stay in one job. They may have progresses in the company (e.g. from assistant manager to manager to managing director). They would have never even thought about the possibility of changing their job, unless they were forced to do so (if they got fired for example). It is presumed that in a persons average working life, they will not change jobs several times, but will also change their line of career. Nowadays, there is no guarantee that one may have a job for life, so it is important for the working people in todays society to be prepared for change due to various factors which could be brought up. 2. Task 18.1:- Smith Brothers is a very traditional firm that makes garden furniture by hand. This furniture sells well locally and is always in demand. Over the last year, there has been an increase in the number of people buying garden furniture, especially of the wooden type. The brothers have a big decision to make, do they expand their business and create more jobs for people or modernise the company and bring in technology and let the computers make the furniture? The proposal has created a hostile reaction from the workers. List the reasons for and against Smith Brothers changing their method of production of garden furniture. [Concentrate on the good and bad points of using computers in the production process]. 1. Good points of using computers in the production business:- * More accurate measurements in making the furniture. * Less human error due to the use of computers. * Stronger fixtures as computers are being used. * Cut back on unnecessary costs e.g. employees wages. * Cut back on loss of time, as computers can be working for almost all of the day e.g. 19 hours a day. Whereas humans cant be working for that long. 2. Bad Points of using computers in the production business:- * The degree of flexibility required by an employee in order to get a job will increase if more computers are used. * Although, the Smith Brothers will be making cuts in the initial number of employees (replaced by computers) they will have to employ technicians to ensure that their computers are working constantly. * If something serious happens to a computer, the whole system may be disrupted, thus delaying production of the furniture. * If the measurement in the prototype goes wrong, then the computers will automatically continue to make the wrong products, thus increasing the time needed for production, wasting resources, money and materials. * Dealing with computers/machines may require a certain amount of training, especially in the production process, knowing when to push which switch etc. therefore, this will take time and may cost money in order to train the employees to know how to make them work. WEEK 2 1. Task 18.2:- You have been given the task of trying to change the attitude of the people that work with you, with regard to training as they feel it is not worth it. Give your reasons and examples as to why you think they should change their attitude. Change is a natural aspect to growing life and will continue to happen as technology becomes more dominant. In order to remain successful, it is essential that companies constantly train and educate their employees. Modern companies should aim to ensure that all have an underlining net of skills and eventually, has the skills that are required to perform a certain number of tasks. This will make the employee or trainee more demanding to other potential employers. Although training involves time and money, the time and money does pay off in relation to the employee. For example, if the employer training the employee trains them up really hard, then that employee would be able to get a potentially better job with another employer. When the new employer trains that employee up again, then that employee can once again go off and get a better job with more pay. This cycle will continue, provided that the employee stays in a similar field of work as marketing skills may not be required for administration tasks. Training will also improve the performance and efficiency of employees in general as well as training unskilled workers. Training also reduces the need for supervision and provides greater opportunities for the staff or employees. Individual employees being trained would find that due to their training, there would be a reduction in the number of accidents in the workplace, and they would be less likely to make mistakes. Their pay would increase too and they could gain a promotion to another job, if not change jobs to a better company all together. 2. Task 18.6:- Delta Homes plc, a property developer, has a Personnel Department. Much of the work of this department involves recruiting construction workers on temporary contracts. a) Explain ONE reason why Delta Homes plc employs workers on temporary contracts. [2 Marks] Delta Homes plc employs workers on temporary contracts because they are unable to provide permanent contracts, therefore, temporary contracts which allows the hiring and/or firing of employees to suit the business cycle of the company can be put forward. b) Explain TWO problems for Delta Homes plc that might arise from employing workers on temporary contracts. [6 Marks] Two potential problems that Delta Homes plc may face due to these temporary contracts:- * Is the fact that the job security, which is considered by many people to be very important, disintegrates. Job security is very important because it provides stability and can lead to high motivation. Many employees would like to know that when they come to work tomorrow, they will still have their job to go to and continue to receive income. The idea of temporary contacts is worrying for many people, especially the employees who have families to support and also have the responsibility of providing for them. They want to know that when they take out a load for five years or longer, they will still have a job, enabling them to meet the monthly payments. * Similarly, in mortgage companies, if one of these Delta homes plc temporary employees decide to purchase a home, then the company would want to know if they have a secure job which will enable them to make the payments and if they are employed for more than 1 1/2 years or so. Therefore, many of Delta Homes plcs employees will have a hard time trying to find a mortgage for their home purchase because they may not be employed for long or may get fired any day. WEEK 3 Task 18.7:- An increasing number of employees work from home and keep in contact with the office using a computer and a modem. Write a report on the effects this way of working might have on the employee and the implications for the employer. (Concentrate on any good and bad points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home). Good Points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home:- * There is no need for travelling to work everyday and during rush hours. Both the employer and employee benefit from this because the employer wont need to be accountable for the employees late arrival into work. * Computers stationed at home anywhere in the country can be linked to a company and employers do not have to rely on local labour to fulfil the workforce. The employee gets to work at home just as if they were in their office, due to the system link-up. Saves time and hassle of using USB storage devices or floppy disks to transfer files and data/information between office and work. Also, when the employer wants a report in, then the employee working from home can just email it to the employers office email address so there is no need to travel to meet a deadline. * Working from home allows the employee to be flexible, so working when they have the time to and are available. For example, a mother of three children could work after normal office hours (at home) when the children are asleep or are distracted. Also, if her children are ill, she need not get a nanny or child-minder to look after them, she can put her work on hold for a while and look after the children herself. Due to this, she doesnt need to take time off work. * The employer does not need to provide the employee the premises to work, as they can do it at home due to the computer system link. This way, the employer can cut down on costs for the company, e.g. the food they pay for in order to feed their employees, the cost of building extensions to the main office building, the additional cost of the electricity and gas bills. Also, employers can use labour in areas of high unemployment so, can reduce the salaries they pay cut back on costs. Bad Points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home:- * The employee may not be able to work at home unsupervised, due to lack of concentration, thereby not finishing reports and missing deadline dates. * The employer does not know whether the employee is working or taking an early holiday. They wont have any say on the hours that the employee puts into their work. * If the employee works overtime, then the exact hours overtime may not be known because there was no witness. So, employee may lose out on the overtime pay. * If there is a system link failure with the computer, then the employee will be stuck and may lose all of their work. Also, lose time on working on the report/project. WEEK 4 1. What does flexible working mean? Flexible working is when the employee is required to come into work and do a job with out much notice. They have to be able to keep their schedules open when it comes to work. A bit like a doctor who is on call he doesnt know when a casualty will come in; therefore, he has to be available if something happens. 2. Why do more companies require their employees to have flexible working? More companies require their employees to have flexible working because many of them require their facilities to be functioning 24/7/365 24 hours a day. They cannot afford to let their equipment remain idle for long periods of the day. 3. Why is flexible working of great importance for companies whose employees work with computers? A person/employee who repairs or mends computers would have to be flexible because they will wait for a telephone call or message to say they are needed to repair a machine. This call could come during the evening, at weekends or even at bank holidays whenever the computer breaks down. The company could not afford to let the computers stand idle for great periods of time, mainly because we have come to rely on them so much. If a machine is not working, then it is costing the company money and hindering somebodys work. WEEK 5 1. Why do companies spend a lot of time in making sure the computers they are going to buy are the correct ones? Computer equipment is very expensive to buy. If one buys a computer it is often said to be out of date immediately after one has bought it. Something new has already been introduced, which is better and more powerful than the original one purchased. This is because computers are continually being updated; therefore, the pace of change is very fast. Therefore, companies will spend a great deal of time and energy in making sure that the computers they purchase are the correct ones for the job that needs to be done. 2. Why is it important that a technician makes sure all computers are working all the time? It is important that a technician makes sure all computers are working all the time because if they stand idle, they are losing the company money. This is why companies employ technicians to ensure that the computers are functioning and working properly without any problems. 3. Why is it important that companies are always looking to update their computers? Companies will always need to update their machines because we live in a fast-changing world and they need to be able to keep up with the pace. If they do not update, then they could become uncompetitive and would not be able to produce the same results in the given time. This could lead to more unemployment in the company. WEEK 6 1. How has the use of email helped reduced waste? The use of email has reduced the amount of paper that is used in the world, which in turn has reduced the number of trees hat need to be cut down to produce the paper. Also, the energy used to cut down the trees has also been saved, which could have an effect on global warming. This has become of great concern to business, the government and the public in recent years. 2. How has the use of computers reduced waste in industrial processes (making products)? Computers have reduced waste in industrial processes by guaranteeing that each batch of products or materials that will be made would be to the same quality as the last and the one before that. This is due to the decrease in human error. This cuts down on the amount of resources used in the process. 3. What is and why is recycling important in society? Recycling is the re-use or sustainable use of products e.g. paper, glass and steel cans. Recycling is important in society because the huge amount of litter that has been created through the disposal of throw-away materials. These throw-away materials are disposed of in land-fill sites around the world. Eventually, and slowly, we will run out of land-fill sites and so where will the waste go? This can be stopped by preventing the production of such throw-away materials and the promoting or the production of recyclable materials.